10 Expository Essay Topics on Evolution of Human Behavior

10 Expository Essay Topics on Evolution of Human Behavior If you are searching for facts on the evolution of human behavior for an expository essay, please consider the 10 below: Given the changes in technology, behavioral psychologists have studied the evolution of technology on previously held theories. Some studies have focused on the effects of watching television or listening to television while completing homework (Cool, et al., 1994). These researchers provided their participants with a specific amount of time during which they were instructed to complete and assignment. Some of the participants were exposed to television as they worked a day job and others were not. The research discovered that significantly fewer questions were filled within the given time frame when exposed to television as compared to those participants who were not One study by Pool, et al., (2003) focused specifically on the impact soap opera had on students trying to complete their homework. In this study the participants were placed in three different conditions. First was a visual soap opera, the second was the audio soundtrack of a soap opera and the third was image without sound. The results from this study indicated that participants who were in the visual soap opera category required significantly more time to complete the same assignment compared to the other two groups. In addition, this half of the participants had to increase the amount of time it took for them to complete the work. Reviewing the evolution of behavioural psychology changes has been viewed through marital theory. Marital theory is not the only communication theory that affects the marital relationship and leads to divorce and the effects of children. The social exchange theory affects marital power and marital solidarity which, combined with economic exchange, can delineate a marriage relationship. Research by Gottman (1993) provides insight into the prediction of marital dissolution. In essence, no matter the marriage type, marital dissolution begins with a cascade as the balance between the relationship type and communication begins to decline. This is described most plainly by examining the relationship between social exchange theory and social penetration theory. Marriage is cultivated, like any other relationship by interpersonal communication. This is any type of communication between two or more people. Communication can be conducted via letters, computer, phone or in person, so long as tw o people are communicating. Social exchange theory is a communication theory which states that people are motivated by rewards. Most commonly, people want to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs. Along the same lines, social penetration theory suggests that as people get to know someone else better, they will divulge more about themselves. This means that when a couple first meets, they might not reveal intimate details, but if they think they will benefit in some way, they will reveal more and more and as time passes, they might reveal more than the other party revealed. Combining social exchange theory and social penetration theory within the confines of marital theory, a person might be willing to risk a specific type of marriage because they view little loss and a lot of gain from it. This does not prove to be troublesome for many couples initially, but can quickly cascade into an unbalanced relationship, the future of which can potentially harm children. Eventually, as time passes and spouses continue to share with each other, they might encounter major differences or things which prompt more cost and less benefit. As the benefits continue to deplete and the cost increase, the relationship will falter and divorce will become eminent. This is especially dangerous if the involved couple has children. Ellis and colleagues (1987) investigated priming using pictures. They conducted three similar experiments to support how priming affected the recognition of familiar faces. Their first experiment copied aspects of a study by Bruce and Valentine by initially exposing participants to a picture of a celebrity, with no name. Once time had passed, the participants were asked if the face was familiar. Their findings supported that the faces in the first experiment were in fact, noted as being someone the participant recognized by face and by the name. The second experiment used pictures of personal acquaintances of the participants, editing the photo so that the body, clothes, hair, and other features (not the face) were altered to inhibit immediate recognition. Participants recognized their acquaintances by their faces. The final experiment demonstrated that priming can be obtained through exposure to a photograph identical to a famous face. A smaller, but still significant recognition co uld be obtained through exposure to a dissimilar photograph. Ellis and colleagues concluded that the â€Å"instance-based† model proposed by McClelland and Rumelhart (1985) could explain the results. Thus, despite repetitive priming, the overall lack of physical similarity between the subject and the test stimuli was the result of a lack of priming between bodies and faces. Hence, the link between priming with pictures was attributed to photographic memory (implicit memory) as it is tied to recognition based on personal exposure to the subject matter. Their research led to the new opportunity to research how exposure to the media and famous faces influences a person’s recognition, as well as how exposure to friends images would influence their recognition even if they were distorted. The Affective Primacy Hypothesis developed by Murphy (1993), declares that positive and negative affective responses can be evoked with minimal stimulus input and practically no priming. This research supported that priming does not need to be large and direct, but rather, with little effort alterations can be made to subjects regarding their decision making processes. Participants were repeatedly exposed to ideographs which were degraded and then administered directly through recognition memory tests. The participants were unable to acknowledge they had been exposed to the material previously. However all of those participants picked the previously exposed material as their favorite in comparison to latter. Incorporating brief suboptimal and optimal exposures, the authors presented empirical information analyzing the effects of affect and cognition, both of which are areas never clearly defined but they claimed to be interdependent. Oyserman (2008) took social priming to yet another level by incorporating a study of cultural priming. By conducting a meta-analysis of individualism and collectivism, she was first able to determine how each of the aforementioned categories influences cognitive style and relationship assumptions within that spectrum. While torn between experimenting with individuals or groups to determine the level at which cultures affect decisions, Oyserman and Lee made it clear that cultural factors will empirically influence psychological processes. Reviewing multi-national studies and cross-cultural comparisons, they sought to determine if it was possible to manipulate independent variables. Their hypothesis was supported in that once primed, participants’ values increases as directed, their sense of self was redefined, and their relations with others were imagined to be. These facts should give your paper enough support to get the best grade. We also offer you to check our 20 topics on evolution of human behavior as well as a guide to writing an expository essay on it. References: Cool, V., Yarbrough, D. B., Patton, J. E., Runde, R. Experimental Effects of Radio and Television Distractors on Children’s Performance on Mathematics and Reading Assignments. Journal of Experimental Education, (1994) 62, 181-194. Goldstein, E. B., Cognitive Psychology, Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience. (2005) Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth. Gottman, John M. A Theory of Marital Dissolution and Stability.  Journal of Family Psychology  7.1 (1993): 57-75. Print. Gottman, John, Notarius Cliff, Markman Howard, Bank Steve, Yoppi Bruce, and Rubin Mary Ellen. Behavior Exchange Theory and Marital Decision Making.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology  34.1 (1976): 14-23. Print. Laland, Kevin N., and Gillian R. Brown.  Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary perspectives on Human Behaviour. Oxford University Press, 2011. Lewens, Tim.  Cultural Evolution: Conceptual Challenges. OUP Oxford, 2015. Nakonezny, Paul, and Wayne Denton. Marital Relationships: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective.  The American Journal of Family Therapy  36.5 (2008): 402-12. Print

Day of the Dead

Day of the Dead At first glance, the Mexican custom of the Dà ­a de Muertos- the Day of the Dead- may sound much like the U.S. custom of Halloween. After all, the celebration traditionally starts at midnight the night of Oct. 31, and the festivities are abundant in images related to death. But the customs have different origins, and their attitudes toward death are different. In the typical Halloween festivities, which are of Celtic origin, death is something to be feared. But in the Dà ­a de Muertos, death- or at least the memories of those who have died- is something to be celebrated.  The Dà ­a de Muertos, which continues until Nov. 2, has become one of the biggest holidays in Mexico, and celebrations are becoming more common in areas of the United States with a large Hispanic population. Its origins are distinctly Mexican: During the time of the Aztecs, a monthlong summer celebration was overseen by the goddess Mictecacihuatl, the Lady of the Dead. After the Aztecs were conquered by Spain and Catholicism became the dominant religion, the customs became intertwined with the Christian commemoration of All Saints Day. Specifics of the celebration vary by region, but one of the most common customs is the making of elaborate altars to welcome departed spirits home. Vigils are held, and families often go to cemeteries to fix up the graves of their departed relatives. Festivities also frequently include traditional foods such as pan de muerto (bread of the dead), which can conceal a miniature skeleton. Here is a glossary of Spanish terms used in connection with the Day of the Dead: los angelitos  - literally, little angels; young children whose spirits returnla calaca  - a skeleton figure representing death, similar to the Grim Reaperel calavera  - a reckless fellowla calavera  - skullla calaverada  - crazy, foolish behaviorel difunto  - the departedla hojaldra  - a bread for the Day of the Deadla ofrenda  - an offering left for the souls of the deadzempasà ºchitl  - the traditional name for the yellow marigolds used to mark a pathway to the altar Childrens Books for Day of the Dead Day of the Dead Day of the Dead Free Online Research Papers Latin Americans celebrate a holiday every year where they honor their dead by decorating skulls. The holiday focuses on the gathering of family and friends to remember people that were close to them. The Day of the Dead (El Dà ­a de los Muertos), is a holiday celebrated in Mexico and by Latin Americans living in the United States and Canada. The holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died. Celebrations occur on November 2 in connection with the Catholic holidays of All Saints Day (November 1) and All Souls Day (November 2). Traditions connected with the holiday include building private altars honoring the deceased using sugar skulls, marigolds, and the favorite foods and beverages of the departed, and visiting graves with these as gifts. Due to occurring shortly after Halloween, the Day of the Dead is sometimes thought to be a similar holiday, although the two actually have little in common. The Day of the Dead is a time of celebration, where partying is common. The Day of the Dead celebrations in Mexico can be traced back to the indigenous cultures. Rituals celebrating the deaths of ancestors have been observed by these civilizations perhaps for as long as 2500–3000 years. In the pre-Hispanic era, it was common to keep skulls as trophies and display them during the rituals to symbolize death and rebirth. The festival that became the modern Day of the Dead fell in the ninth month of the Aztec calendar, about the beginning of August, and was celebrated for an entire month. Festivities were dedicated to the god known as the Lady of the Dead, corresponding to the modern Catrina. In most regions of Mexico, November 1 honors children and infants, whereas deceased adults are honored on November 2. This is indicated by generally referring to November 1 mainly as Dà ­a de los Inocentes (Day of the Innocents) but also as Dà ­a de los Angelitos (Day of the Little Angels) and November 2 as Dà ­a de los Muertos or Dà ­a de los Difuntos (Day o f the Dead). People go to cemeteries to communicate with the souls of the departed, and build private altars, containing the favorite foods and beverages, as well as photos and memorabilia, of the departed. The intent is to encourage visits by the souls, so that the souls will hear the prayers and the comments of the living directed to them. Celebrations can take a humorous tone, as celebrants remember funny events and stories about the departed. Plans for the day are made throughout the year, including gathering the goods to be offered to the dead. During the 3-day period, families usually clean and decorate graves; most visit the cemeteries where their loved ones are buried and decorate their graves with offerings, which often include orange Mexican marigold which is a bouquet usually consisting of 20 or so flowers. In many American communities with Mexican populations, Day of the Dead celebrations are held which are very similar to those held in Mexico. In some of these communities, such as in Texas and Arizona celebrations tend to be mostly traditional. For example, the All Souls Procession has been an annual Tucson event since 1990. The event combines elements of traditional Dia de los Muertos celebrations with those of pagan harvest festivals. People wearing masks carry signs honoring the dead and an urn in which people can put slips of paper with prayers on them to be burned. Therefore, the day of dead brings families together to remember the people that were close to them. Research Papers on Day of the DeadThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHip-Hop is ArtCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Fifth HorsemanThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

International Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Business management - Essay Example Here once this has been identified, details of the best market entry method are then discussed. As in the case of any market entry method, there are a number of possible issues that will be encountered. Hence these issues and problems are further discussed along with providing strategies to overcome these issues and problems. On the whole the paper will detail a market entry plan for a company. The chosen company here is Primark. Firstly it is crucial to gain a clear overview of the company. Primark has been known throughout the country for the excellent quality of the products and the low prices for the clothing. Primark was started way back in 1969 under the name of Penneys in Ireland. The company has worked its way up and has been able known for the continuing success. The company has grown from a simple first store Penneys in Ireland to the latest flagship store in Liverpool. The company showed immense success in the first year of its beginning and by the end of the third year of its incorporation, the company had as many as sixteen stores in Ireland and Northern Ireland (Primark, 2010). As years passed the company went on to move into Great Britain. The company had started as many as 18 stores in Ireland by 1973 and now had started as many as four out – of – town stores. Within the next year, the company has been noted to have started as many as 22 stores each in Ireland and Britain. Later in 1984, the company was known for the multiple acquisitions t hat took place. Primark had acquitted as many as five Woolworth stores. With years to come there were further expansions of the company and Primark showed immense ability and success. The company has been well received within the country. Entering international markets requires high level of strategy and planning. With the increasing levels of technological innovation helps create markets for new products and services. A mode of entry into foreign or international markets is the normally referred to the